CARO 2003 Audit Notes in Hindi - कंपनी अंकेक्षक प्रतिवेदन आदेश - 2003

कंपनी अंकेक्षक प्रतिवेदन आदेश – 2003

 

गूगल डॉक्स पर पढने के लिए कृपया यहाँ क्लिक करें

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a people focused management system that aims at continual increase in customer satisfaction at continually lower real cost.

TQM is total system approach, not a separate area or program. TQM stresses continual change in learning and adaptation as keys to organizational success.

Pioneers in field of TQM argued that a more effective management philosophy might focus on actions to prevent a defective products from ever being created, rather that simply screening it out.

W. Edwards Deming is regarded by many as Father of TQM

TQM & Traditional management practices -

• Strategic planning and management
• Changing relationships with customers and suppliers
• Organizational Structure
• Motivation & Job design
• Organizational Change
• Teamwork

Bullwhip/Whiplash Effect & The Factors Contributing to Bullwhip Effect

A Phenomenon in forecast driven distribution channels/ A problem in forecast driven supply chains.

In periods of rising demand, down stream participants will increase their orders. In periods of falling demand, orders will fall or stop in order to reduce inventory.

The effect is that; variations are amplified the farther one gets from the end-consumers.

Factors Contributing To Bullwhip Effect -

Financial Analysis - Meaning and Objects

Financial Analysis - Meaning and Objects

Financial Statements Analysis is largely a study of Relationship among the various financial factors in a business as disclosed by a single set of statements and a study of trend of these factors as shown in a series of Statements 

The Objects of Financial Analysis are as follows :

• To find out financial stability of a business concern
• To assess the earning capacity of the firm
• To estimate and evaluate the stock and fixed assets of the concern
• To assess the firm's capacity and ability to repay short term and long term loans
• To expect about the administrative efficiency of the management of the business concern
• To estimate and examine the possibility of future growth of business