Showing posts with label Law. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Law. Show all posts
at 11:17 AM

LEGAL DEEDS – Deed Of Partnership

Deed Of PartnershipCA4ALL_legal_deeds_ca4all.blogspot

THIS DEED of Partnership is made at……………….. on this ……………….. day of …………… by and between: Shri …………………………. aged about ………….. years, son of Shri ……………………………. resident of ………………………………………… (Hereinafter to be called the First Party); Shri …………………………. aged about …………… years, son of Shri ……………………………. resident of ………………………………………(Hereinafter to be called the Second Party); Shri ……………………….. aged about ……………. years, son of Shri ……………………………. resident of (Hereinafter to be called the Third Party); Shri …………………….. aged about …………….. years, son of Shri ……………………………. resident of (Hereinafter to be called the Fourth Party);

WHEREAS the parties to this deed have been carrying on the business of ………………………………… under the name and style of M/s. ……………………. with its principal place of business at …………. on the terms and conditions incorporated in the Partnership Deed executed on …………………………………..

AND WHEREAS vital amendments have been made by the Finance Act, 1992 in the procedure for assessment of firm. Consequent to the said amendment, the parties to this deed had a meeting and have orally and mutually agreed to amend and alter some of the terms and conditions contained in the aforesaid partnership deed with effect from 1-4-1992.

AND FURTHER WHEREAS the parties to this deed have been carrying on the above said business in partnership on the terms and conditions orally and mutually agreed amongst themselves as aforesaid;

AND NOW WHEREAS the parties to this deed desire that the terms and conditions on which they have been carrying on the above said business in partnership since …………………. and propose to continue in future be reduced to writing to avoid future difficulties or misunderstanding.

NOW, THEREFORE THIS DEED WITNESSETH as under, incorporating the aforesaid amendment/ alteration in the terms and conditions of the partnership:

1. That the partnership business has been and shall continue to be carried on under the name and style of M/s. ………………………………

2. That the partnership business has been and shall continue to be that of ……………. with its principal place of business at ………….. The parties by mutual consent may carry on business at such other place or places, in such other name or names and of such other nature or natures, as they may deem fit and proper from time to time.

3. That the amount lying to the credit of the partners as on 1-4-1992 shall be deemed as their capital investment. Further capital, loans or deposits looking to the needs/requirements of the partnership firm shall be arranged, invested or contributed by the partners.

4. That interest at the rate of 18% per annum or as may be prescribed under section 40(b)(iv) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 or any other applicable provisions as may be in force in the income-tax assessment of the partnership firm for the relevant accounting period or at a lower rate as may be agreed to by and between the parties from time to time shall be paid to the partners or credited to the partners on the amount standing to the credit of the account of the partners.

Such interest shall be considered as an expenditure of the firm and shall be debited to the Profit & Loss Account of the firm before arriving at the divisible profit or loss. The interest to persons other than partners shall be paid or credited to their accounts at the rate or rates as may be agreed to by and between the partners and such persons from time to time.

5. That Shri ………………………….. Shri ………………… and Shri ………………………. the parties of the ………………….. parts have agreed to keep themselves actively engaged in conducting the affairs of the business of the partnership firm. The said partners shall be working partners. It is hereby agreed to that in consideration of the said parties keeping themselves actively engaged in the business of the partnership firm and working as working partners, shall be entitled to remuneration.

The remuneration payable to the said working partners shall be computed in the manner laid down or deduction under section 40(b)(v), read with Explanation 3 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 or any other applicable provision as may be in force in the income-tax assessment of the partnership firm for the relevant accounting year. Such amount of remuneration shall be distributed between the said working partners in the following proportion:

A. Shri ………………………….. ……. per cent of such amount

B. Shri ………………………….. ……. per cent of such amount

C. Shri ………………………….. ……. per cent of such amount

The partners shall be entitled to increase or reduce the above remuneration and may agree to pay remuneration to other working partner or partners as the case may be. The partners may also agree to revise the mode of calculating the above said remuneration as may be agreed to by and between the partners from time to time.

6. That the parties hereto shall be true and faithful to each other and shall not do or cause to be done anything which may be detrimental to the interest of the firm.

7. That the parties shall keep or cause to be kept proper books of account and documents and shall make entries therein of all receipts, payments and other matters as is usually done and entered in the books of account kept by persons engaged in business similar to that of the firm. Each partner shall have a right to have access to and to inspect and take copy of the same.

8. That the partnership has been and shall be a partnership at will.

9. That the net profit of the partnership firm after deduction of all expenses including rent, salaries, other establishment expenses, interest and remuneration payable to the partners in accordance with this deed of partnership or any supplementary deed as may be executed by the partners from time, to time, shall be divided and distributed amongst the partners in the following proportion:

Sr. No. Name of Party Share in profits

1.

2.

3.

4.

The losses, if any, including loss of capital suffered in any year shall also be apportioned in the above said proportion.

10. That the bank account or accounts have been and shall be maintained in the name of the firm and shall be operated singly or jointly by the partners.

11. That the books of account shall be closed on 31st day of March each year. The net profit or loss after deducting all expenses, interest, remuneration, outgoings shall be divided between the parties in proportion to the sharing ratio referred to hereinabove.

12. That notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Partnership Act it is hereby mutually agreed to by and between the parties that in case of death of any one or more partners, the firm shall not be dissolved but shall continue to be carried on by and between the surviving partners and legal heirs and/or representatives of the deceased partner, as a continuing concern, on the same terms and conditions as incorporated in this Deed or on such terms and conditions as may be agreed to by and between them from time to time. It is hereby further clarified that it shall be deemed as change in constitution and not succession.

13. That with respect to any matter connected with the affairs of the firm, which is not specifically provided for herein, the partners may make such agreements therefor and may set in such manner with regard thereto as may be agreed upon by and between themselves.

14. That if the partners deem proper and in their interest, they may admit any other person or persons as partners on the terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed amongst themselves.

15. That the partners to this deed are partners in their individual capacity/representing HUF styled as M/s. ………………………………. The parties do not represent any other person.

16. All bonds, bills, notes, bills of exchange, hundies or promissory notes or other securities given on behalf of the partnership (except cheques) shall be signed, endorsed, accepted or executed jointly by all the partners and any bond, bill, note, bill of exchange, etc. to which any partner may be a party contrary to this provision shall be deemed to have been on the personal account of such partner and he shall pay and discharge the same out of his own moneys and indemnify other partners and the firm against payment thereof and against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, claims and demands in respect thereof.

17. That the parties of …………………. part are not working partners but are only financing, dormant and sleeping partners. The parties of ………………….. part need not be in charge of, responsible to the firm for the conduct of the business of the firm and need not take interest in day-to-day working and business of the partnership firm.

That the parties of the ………………………. part shall not be liable to any criminal action for the business or working of the partnership firm or for the acts of the other partners or its employees or its representatives for and on behalf of or on account of the partnership firm or for the purposes of the partnership firm. The said partners shall not be liable for any liability, civil or criminal, against the partnership firm or other partners.

That the said partners shall not become and shall not be liable for any criminal action for any default or offence committed by other partners or employees or authorised representatives of the firm under the Income-tax Act, Customs Act, Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, Sales tax Laws or other Central or State Acts, laws, Rules or Regulations.

18. That the partners shall be entitled to modify the above terms relating to remuneration, interest, etc. payable to partners by executing a supplementary deed and such deed when executed shall have effect unless otherwise provided from the first day of accounting period in which such supplementary deed is executed and the same shall form part of this deed of partnership.

19. That all disputes and questions in …………………. connection with the partnership or this deed arising between the partners or between any one of them or their legal representatives and whether during or after the partnership, shall be referred to the arbitrator in accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 then in force.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties to this deed have set their hands on the day and year first above written and in the presence of:

First Party Second Party

Third Party Fourth Party

WITNESSES;

1.

2.

at 10:55 AM

EXAM ALERT : Exams on 4th and 5th May,2013 postponed for some centers in Karnataka

postponed_stamp

Papers Postponed -

Group – 1, Paper 2, Strategic Financial Management

{Final Examination}

&,

Group – 1, Paper – 2, Business Laws, Ethics and Communications

{Intermediate/Integrated Professional Competence}

 

Centers Affected -

Bangalore, Belgaum, Bellary, Hubli, Mangalore, Mysore and Udupi

centre(s)

{For other cities scheduled is unchanged}

 

Dates on which postponed exams are

Re-scheduled -

18th May and 17th May 2013

 

Click

HERE

to read the concerned Notification dated 25th March, 2013

at 1:11 AM

Membership of Company - A Handbook


Membership of Company - A HandBook CA4ALL

Download from Google Drive -
Or, enter in address bar:
 https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B4t5fcrTlPOCWkJJa2hQOWFCMW8

Slideshare Link -
Click Here
Or, enter in address bar:
http://www.slideshare.net/CA4ALL/membership-of-companya-handbook
at 5:27 AM

RTP : IPCC November 2012–Download Links

at 4:16 AM

Definition Of Member as per Companies Act,1956

Definition of member — Section 41 Companies Act,1956


All the subscribers of the Memorandum of Association shall be deemed toCA4ALL Membership have agreed to become members of the company and on registration of a company shall be entered as members in the Register of members


Section 41 deals with definition of member which provide as under:—

  • The subscribers of the Memorandum of a company shall be deemed to have agreed to become members of the company, and on its registration, shall be entered as members in its register of members
  • Every other person who agrees in writing to become a member of a company and whose name is entered in its register of members, shall be a member of the company
  • Every person holding equity share capital of a company and whose name is entered as beneficial owner in the records of the depository shall be deemed to be a member of the concerned company
at 7:27 AM

Conditions for being assessed as HUF

The following can be regarded as the two main conditions which are required to be complied with for being assessed as a Hindu Undivided Family(HUF) -

  1. There should be coparceners
  2. There should be any common property of the family

Here, “coparceners” refers to two or more individuals inheriting any property together, or in other words two or more people who are co-heirs, and have rights on the property that they inherit

at 2:50 AM

Hindu Undivided Family(HUF) - Meaning & Types

According to Hindu Law," A Hindu Undivided Family consists of all male persons lineally descended from a common ancestor (excluding such persons who have separated themselves from the joint family by partition of assets) and includes their wives & unmarried daughters, and also a stranger of HUF"

HUF is mainly governed by either of these two schools of law -

  1. Mitakshra
  2. Dayabhag
It is to be noted that Dayabhag School is popular majorly in parts of Bengal only and Mitakshra stands as the most followed and exercised school of law for HUFs

These schools are majorly influenced by Hindu laws, traditions and practices.
Infact "Mitākṣarā" & "Dāyabhāga" are two legal treatise and commentaries of hindu law which deal with the law and procedure of inheritance. The central difference between the texts is based upon "when one becomes the owner of property". The Dāyabhāga does not give the sons a right to their father's ancestral property until after his death, unlike Mitākṣarā, which gives the sons the right to ancestral property upon their birth.

For further readings regarding these schools, one may refer to the articles- Mitākṣarā and Dāyabhāga on Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia
at 9:22 AM

Duties Of Directors

Duties of Directors may be categorized as -

  1. General Duties Of the Director

  2. Statutory Duties or the Duties of Directors under the Companies Act

Click on the above Links to see the Categorized duties in details

at 9:09 AM

Statutory Duties of Directors, i.e, Duties of Directors under the Companies Act

  • To act according to Articles
  • To ensure full and correct disclosure in Prospectus
  • To sign the Prospectus
  • To deliver prospectus to Registrar before issue
  • To keep deposited application money in a Scheduled Bank
  • To file the Return of Allotment
  • To deliver the Share Certificates
  • To pay the amount on shares taken
  • To sign and file Annual Return
  • To prepare and send copy of Statutory Report
  • To call Annual General Meeting
  • To lay accounts before AGM
at 8:52 AM

General Duties Of Directors

  • Duty of good faith
  • Duty of not delegating the Powers
  • Duty to act with due Care and Diligence
  • Duty to ensure proper usage of Money
  • Duty of not using Corporate Opportunities for Personal Interest
  • Duty of not paying Dividend out of Capital
at 12:35 AM

Conclusiveness of “Certificate of Incorporation”- Sec.35; Companies Act,1956

Once an association attains Certificate of Incorporation; no inquiry shall be held justifiable for checking the particulars behind the certificate since same shall be deemed to be genuine and correct.
The Company that has once gained Certificate of Incorporation can not be challenged in any court for the same
Certificate of Incorporation once issued signifies:
  • Concerned organization is eligible to be registered
  • Concerned organization is registered under Companies Act,1956
  • All requirements have been fulfilled
at 12:10 AM

Procedure for conversion of a Public Company into a Private Company

Following steps are to be followed for the purpose :

  • Pass Special Resolution for the purpose of inserting the Four Restrictions as given in Section 3(1)(iii) in the articles
  • Pass Special Resolution for adding the word “Private” at the end of the name of the Company
  • Within 3 months of alteration of articles, apply to Central Government for obtaining its approval
  • Within 1 month of receipt of approval of Central Government, file with registrar an amended copy of the articles
at 12:00 AM

Section3(1)(iii)- Private Company;The Companies Act,1956

Private Companies are subject to following restrictions under the above mentioned Section :

  1. Right to transfer shares is restricted
  2. Number of members limited to 50 :
    • Joint holders to be counted as one member for the purpose of  deciding the number of members
    • Employees; whether retired or not who have shares due to being in employment, won’t be counted as members for the purpose of this definition
  3. Prohibition on invitation to public to subscribe for any shares or debentures
  4. Prohibition on acceptance and invitation of deposits from persons other than its members, directors or their relatives
at 11:45 PM

Liability under Section 45 - Companies Act,1956

Where a company continues to carry its business with number of members below the statutory minimum( 7 in case of Public Company; 2 in case of Private Company); for more than 6 months; then all the members remaining which are cognizant of such fact will be liable personally for the debts of company incurred after a period of 6 months.
For the Purpose of Statutory minimums; refer the table given below:
Minimum Requirement Company ca4all

at 1:18 PM

Termination Of Agency

Termination Of Agency ca4all

BY THE ACTS OF PARTIES

  1. By Agreement – The Principal and agent may mutually agree to terminate the agency, at anytime
  2. By Revocation (Done by the Principal)
  3. By Agent; renouncing the business of Agency

BY OPERATION OF LAW

  1. Completion of Business of Agency
  2. Death or Insanity of the Principal or Agent
  3. Where the Principal or Agent, being a Company, is dissolved
  4. Destruction of subject matter of Agency
  5. Principal becoming Insolvent
  6. Expiration of period where agency was for a fixed period
at 4:35 AM

Kinds Of Agent

There can be many type of agents depending upon responsibilities and resources delegated to them, nature of transaction in which agency exists, expanse of agency, area of authority of agent etc.
Some major classes of Agents are mentioned below-

  1. Special Agent-
    * Agent for Special Task
    * Powers and Responsibilities limited to special task only
    * Limited Authority
    * Agency terminated with accomplishment of purpose

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